细菌多样性的减少与囊性纤维化的严重程度相关
2012-03-27
来源：Eurekalert中文
一项研究揭示出了囊性纤维化病人的呼吸道中的细菌群落的结构与动态，并且为抗生素如何影响这种慢性肺病提供了见解。
在一项为期8到9年的研究中，Jingchao Zhao及其同事收集了6位年龄相近的男性囊性纤维化病人的126份痰样本。其中三位病人的囊性纤维化病的程度相对较轻，而另外三人在研究期间表现出了肺功能的进行性衰退。对在此研究期间获得的DNA样本的分析显示出患该病较严重的病人比较不严重的病人的细菌群落多样性显著减少。随着时间推移，抗生素的使用而非病人年龄或肺功能，看上去在减少细菌多样性方面起到了最大的作用。
这组作者提出，由于重复使用抗生素而导致的多样性的逐渐减少可能增加细菌对治疗的耐性，特别是在这些群落变得仅限于少数高度耐抗生素的物种的时候。这组作者说，需要进行进一步的研究从而提供关于抗生素的使用对与囊性纤维化病有关联的微生物群落多样性的影响的更准确的理解。
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【Abstract】
The structure and dynamics of bacterial communities in the airways of persons with cystic fibrosis (CF) remain largely unknown. We characterized the bacterial communities in 126 sputum samples representing serial collections spanning 8–9 y from six age-matched male CF patients. Sputum DNA was analyzed by bar-coded pyrosequencing of the V3–V5 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, defining 662 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from >633,000 sequences. Bacterial community diversity decreased significantly over time in patients with typically progressive lung disease but remained relatively stable in patients with a mild lung disease phenotype. Antibiotic use, rather than patient age or lung function, was the primary driver of decreasing diversity. Interpatient variability in community structure exceeded intrapatient variability in serial samples. Antibiotic treatment was associated with pronounced shifts in community structure, but communities showed both short- and long-term resilience after antibiotic perturbation. There was a positive correlation between OTU occurrence and relative abundance, with a small number of persistent OTUs accounting for the greatest abundance. Significant changes in community structure, diversity, or total bacterial density at the time of pulmonary exacerbation were not observed. Despite decreasing community diversity in patients with progressive disease, total bacterial density remained relatively stable over time. These findings show the critical relationship between airway bacterial community structure, disease stage, and clinical state at the time of sample collection. These features are the key parameters with which to assess the complex ecology of the CF airway.
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