作者:易昕 邱树卫 黄渤
本文为作者授权医脉通发布,未经授权请勿转载。
在临床上,对于心
据统计[1-3],房颤是心源性脑栓塞最常见病因,其引发的缺血性脑
早在1995年NINDS 研究[4]就提出起病3小时以内的各类型急性脑卒中均可从静脉溶栓中获益;然而其亚组分析显示N
心源性脑栓塞溶栓,您有何顾虑?
临床上,医师们常常会觉得:心源性栓子较大且陈旧,rt-PA不容易溶通;患者常常病情重,溶栓易发生出血转化,预后差,死亡率高。而且,部分临床试验也给予一定的立论依据。
比如,2010年发表在STROKE的一项研究[6],共纳入957例静脉溶栓治疗患者,其中41%(389)为心源性栓塞。研究采用logistic回归分析,校正因素包括年龄、NIHSS评分、
再看我国学者2016年发表在MEDICINE上的一篇META分析[3]:文中纳入12项研究共14,801患者,在原始文献无明显发表偏倚情况下,房颤及非房颤相关的急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓的预后、
我们可以直观地看看两组预后的森林图(图1),即房颤相关性急性脑栓塞溶栓后存在不良预后(中线代表OR=1,菱形代表所纳入试验的综合结果,未与中线相交提示结果有统计学意义)。该研究也显示房颤组症状性颅内出血转化以及90天死亡率增加。

图1 房颤-非房颤所致急性脑梗死静脉溶栓后良好预后(mRS≤2)比值比(OR值)
那么,房颤所致心源性脑栓塞真的不能溶栓吗?
首先比较血栓成分的组成——Marder 的报道[7], 分析了25位大脑中动脉与颈内动脉栓塞患者的血栓成分,其血栓无论来自心脏还是动脉,其组织学成分相似;同样发表在
对比房颤-非房颤所致急性脑栓塞溶栓后颅内出血转化,心源性脑卒中确实拥有更高的概率[11, 12],然而有研究认为其症状性颅内出血仅仅和NIHSS评分基线相关[13]。
再来看看2003年发表在Neurology的一项研究[14],纳入90例合格患者,校正NIHSS评分后得出与NINDS研究一致的结论,即急性脑梗死溶栓患者各类型间获益无差别,该研究认为,急性脑梗死患者溶栓前无需区分其发病机理,以免延误不必要的时间。
这一结论似曾相识,2017年我国《急性
换一种思路,且不定论房颤-非房颤脑卒中溶栓治疗后的预后差异,是否取决于心源性脑栓塞溶栓与否的问题,对照组选择未溶栓治疗的患者结果是否更为合理?一项非随机对照试验证实[15],对于心源性缺血性脑卒中,溶栓组较不溶栓组获益——简单来说,就是溶优于不溶。
如此众多的研究中,我们还可以寻得一些有价值的东西,用于指导临床:如房颤相关脑梗死患者的年龄、NIHSS评分、血糖水平、
总结:房颤所致心源性缺血性脑卒中,不是溶栓的禁忌证,充分评估病情及高危因素,该溶还是得溶!
参考文献
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