第49届欧洲糖尿病研究协会年会(EASD2013)于9月23-27日在西班牙巴塞罗那召开。当地时间9月24日下午，在“ Preventing and treating diabetes: the nutrition impact”壁报专场上，挪威奥斯陆大学Nicolai Lund-Blix博士及其同事对MIDIA研究招募的儿童数据的分析表明，母乳喂养和
多元数据的分析表明，与1型糖尿病或胰岛自身免疫唯一相关的变量是一级亲属患有1型糖尿病（P＜0.001）。调整这个因素后，研究人员发现，1型糖尿病的发生与完全母乳喂养（OR=1.28，P=0.66 ）或任一种母乳喂养（完全或部分）（OR=1.01，P=0.99 ）。对完全母乳喂养（OR=1.3，P =0.41）或任一种母乳喂养（OR=1.25，P=0.51）与胰岛自身免疫疾病的关联分析也得到相似结果。
在这项研究中，研究人员评估了MIDIA前瞻性队列研究数据，纳入的是具有高风险人类白细胞抗原（HLA）基因型儿童。48,000名进行基因分型的儿童中，1,047名携带高风险HLA基因型。3、6、9个月和12个月时，家长填写了问卷调查，研究人员获得儿童的血液样本。根据WHO标准对完全和任一种母乳喂养进行定义，采用logistic回归分析确定1型糖尿病和胰岛自身免疫与完全或任一种母乳喂养以及父母或婴儿特征之间的关系。
| Breastfeeding and the risk of developing type 1 diabetes or islet autoimmunity（母乳喂养和1型糖尿病或胰岛自身免疫性疾病的风险） |
| Background and aims: The increased incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) suggests a role for environmental factors in the development of the disease. Early nutrition, as an important environmental source of exposure, may contribute significantly to the development of T1D, but there is a lack of evidence for this from prospective studies in humans. The effect of breastfeeding on T1D and islet autoimmunity clearly varies between studies, showing inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between breastfeeding and the risk of developing T1D or islet autoimmunity. Materials and methods: Data were derived from a prospective cohort study (MIDIA) with inclusion of children identified with the high-risk HLA genotype, with follow-up from three months up to 15 years of age. Close to 48000 newborns were genotyped, and 1047 were identified with the high-risk genotype. A questionnaire was filled out by the parents when the child was 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Blood samples were obtained from children at the same intervals. The WHO definitions were used to categorise breastfeeding into “full breastfeeding” and “any breastfeeding”. Full breastfeeding was categorised into two groups: <3 months and ≥3 months. Any breastfeeding was categorised into two groups: ≤6 months and >6 months. Logistic regression analyses were applied to study T1D and islet autoimmunity in relation to full breastfeeding, any breastfeeding and other parental and infant characteristics. Data were then adjusted for variables associated with T1D and islet autoimmunity. Results: The multivariate analysis included full breastfeeding and any breastfeeding separately, and having a first degree relative with T1D as the only variable associated with T1D or islet autoimmunity (p < 0.001). There was no significant association between T1D and full breastfeeding (OR 1.28; p = 0.66), or any breastfeeding (OR 1.01; p = 0.99), after adjusting for first degree relatives with T1D. There was no significant association between islet autoimmunity and full breastfeeding (OR 1.30; p = 0.41), or any breastfeeding (OR 1.25; p = 0.51), after adjusting for first degree relatives with T1D. Conclusion: Based on the data from the MIDIA study, we explored the association between breastfeeding and the risk of developing T1D or islet autoimmunity. Our key finding was that full breastfeeding was not significantly associated with either T1D or islet autoimmunity, and neither was any breastfeeding. |
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