肾移植后新生肾细胞癌首先考虑保守治疗
发布时间:2011-08-26 | 来源:医脉通
关键词:
肾移植
肾细胞癌
肿瘤干细胞
RCC
NSS
nephron-spar
证据分级:4级(case series,据纽约州立大学证据九级金字塔分类,图见下)(编译者注:BJU International 文献页面标为4级,私以为按上述分级应为5级)
法国研究者发现,移植肾新生肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma)应实行保守疗法,以保住移植物为首要目标。他们的研究结果发表在8月2日线上出版的BJU International中。
巴黎圣路易斯医院的Pierre Mongiat-Artus医生说,当孤立肾出现RCC时,医生应首先考虑RCC的治疗,这是所有的指南中都规定的,即当条件允许时必须先进行肾单位保留手术(nephron-sparing surgery)。
Mongiat-Artus博士及其同事在8月2日上线的一期BJU International杂志上发表了一项单中心系列研究的结果,跟踪研究了该院1984年至2006年间2396名肾移植的患者,发现有12名患者(占总数0.5%)出现了新生的RCCs.
研究报告称,该院平均供体的年龄为38岁,诊断出RCC的接受者平均年龄为55岁,移植与确诊平均间隔时间为13年。
移植与确诊较长的间隔时间提示RCC并非手术前存在的,所有的尸体供体在采集器官前均经超声进行了肾脏肿块检查,在植入前肾脏还经过了再次的肉眼检视。
所有的RCC患者在确诊后均接受了以环孢霉素为基础的免疫抑制治疗。
2例RCC患者接受了冷冻消融术。另外10例接受了手术。其中6例经肾单元保留手术后取出瘤块平均(直径)23 mm。另外4例需进行移植物移除,其中1例瘤块(直径)超40 mm,2例出现肺门定位(hilar localization),余1例移植物功能改变。
经过平均43个月的随访期后,仅有1例出现复发,该患者接受的是双灶乳突状RCC肾单元保留手术。
Mongiat-Artus博士说,在检测移植肾过程中,不仅要关注肾功能还应对移植物进行影像学检查。当检出肿瘤时,需要进行活检并仔细分析结果,更应再三考虑移除移植肾的必要性。
由于仅有少数病例,因此本文的观点仍有需要回答的地方。例如哺乳动物雷帕霉素(rapamycin,mTOR抑制剂)的靶点在化疗预防复发中的重要性,以及移植肾中RCC的基因起源仍需要探明。
Mongiat-Artus博士在文章最后阐述到:“我们(对特定肿瘤分型)的研究结果初步表明,肿瘤起源的细胞从移植受者(receptor)体内进入了移植肾中,这将开启一项关于癌症干细胞起源的新讨论—假设移植物被接受者的干细胞作为“殖民地”“开发”进而引发了癌症。(编译自:Medscape)
附原文摘要:
原文标题:Biopsy-confirmed de novo renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in renal grafts: a single-centre management experience in a 2396 recipient cohort
期刊来源:British Journal of Urology International, published online: 2 AUG 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10315.x
期刊影响因子:2.865
PMID:temporarily unavailable
Biopsy-confirmed de novo renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in renal grafts: a single-centre management experience in a 2396 recipient cohort
OBJECTIVE
• To study the natural history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development in renal grafts and their management.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
• We report a single-centre series of de novo RCC in allografts from a cohort of 2396 consecutive renal transplant recipients.
RESULTS
• In all, 17 RCCs were detected in 12 patients, representing 0.5% of kidney recipients.
• The mean patient age was 55 years and the time to RCC diagnosis since transplantation was 13 years. The mean diameter of the RCC was 23 mm.
• Biopsies were taken in all cases. Concordance between biopsy and surgical specimens was 100% for nuclear grade and pathological type.
• Four graft removals were performed and six patients underwent nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). Two cryoablations were performed.
• Overall, nine papillary RCC, five clear cell carcinomas, and one chromophobe cell carcinoma were removed surgically. The mean follow-up was 43 months. One local recurrence was reported in a patient treated by NSS.
CONCLUSIONS
• Our findings support evidence that radiological screening of kidney recipients allows the detection of small tumours for which a conservative management by NSS or non-surgically destructive techniques can be proposed with mid-term oncological safety.
• Systematic tumour biopsy may help in the management and treatment decision.
• Several questions remain unanswered such as the importance of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in the chemoprevention of the recurrence and the genetic cell origin of RCC in renal grafts.
图:纽约州立大学9级临床证据金字塔